Aspidistra sichuanensis 'Golden Freckles'
The following article is part of a series geared toward entry-level gardeners. For deep dives into a variety of perennials that we have sold over the decades, visit our archive of in-depth perennial articles written by Tony Avent, Dr. Patrick McMillan, and other Plant Delights and JLBG experts. We also have transcripts of our Gardening Unplugged videos, recorded during our Open Nursery and Garden Days, that have great information for gardeners of all experience levels.
Aspidistra, a genus that includes several species of evergreen plants known as "cast iron plants," has experienced a resurgence in popularity in recent years. This is due to a variety of factors that have contributed to the increased interest in these plants.
One reason for their growing popularity is their low-maintenance nature. Aspidistra plants are known for their toughness and adaptability, making them ideal for those who are busy or lack a green thumb. They can survive in low-light conditions and don't require frequent watering, which has made them a popular choice for indoor plants.
Another reason for their appeal is their aesthetic qualities. Aspidistra have dark green, glossy leaves that are often used in floral arrangements and as decorative foliage. Their long-lasting leaves provide a sleek, modern look that is popular in contemporary design.
In addition to their aesthetic appeal, Aspidistra have a long history of cultural significance, particularly in Japan where they are associated with good luck and prosperity. This cultural significance has helped to increase their popularity in recent years, especially among younger people interested in exploring traditional Japanese aesthetics.
Aspidistra plants also have environmental benefits. They are known to be excellent air purifiers, helping to filter out pollutants and improve indoor air quality. As more people become concerned about the health effects of air pollution, the environmental benefits of Aspidistra plants have contributed to their growing popularity.
Aspidistra elatior 'Asahi'
Overall, the combination of low-maintenance care, aesthetic appeal, cultural significance, and environmental benefits has all contributed to the growing popularity of Aspidistra in recent years.
Top Cast Iron Plant Questions
Here are some of the most frequently asked questions regarding cast iron plants.
How Much Sun do Cast Iron Plants Need?
Cast iron plants are shade-loving and prefer low-light conditions. While they can tolerate some direct sun, too much sunlight can cause the leaves to burn or yellow. In general, Aspidistra can tolerate low-light conditions better than it can tolerate bright light. However, if the plant is grown in very low light, it may grow more slowly and produce fewer leaves. As a general guideline, aim to provide with bright, indirect light for several hours each day, but avoid direct sunlight or prolonged exposure to bright light.
Aspidistra elatior 'Snow Cap'
If growing indoors, place the plant in a location that receives bright, indirect light, such as near a north-facing window. Avoid placing the plant in direct sunlight or in a location that receives prolonged exposure to bright, hot light. If growing outdoors, choose a shaded area where the plant will receive filtered or dappled light, such as under the canopy of a tree.
Are Cast Iron Plants Hardy?
Yes, aspidistra plants are generally considered hardy plants. They are native to the forests of Asia, and can tolerate a wide range of growing conditions, including low-light, low-humidity, and low-nutrient soil. As a result, they are often referred to as "cast iron plants" for their resilience and ability to withstand neglect.
In terms of temperature, Aspidistra elatior, the most common species of Aspidistra, is hardy to USDA Zones 7-11. This means that it can withstand temperatures down to 0°F (-18°C), making it a good choice for gardeners in colder regions. However, it is important to note that while aspidistra plants are hardy, they may not tolerate extreme conditions, such as prolonged periods of drought or frost.
Overall, if grown in appropriate conditions and given minimal care, aspidistra plants are considered hardy and can be long-lived, making them a popular choice for indoor and outdoor gardens alike.
Aspidistra gracilis 'Speckled Stalkings'
How Much Water do Cast Iron Plants Need?
Aspidistra is a hardy plant that can tolerate a wide range of watering conditions. However, it is important to provide the plant with adequate water to ensure healthy growth and prevent problems such as leaf yellowing or root rot. As a general guideline, water once every 1-2 weeks, but adjust the frequency based on the specific growing conditions. Be sure to check the soil regularly and adjust the watering schedule as needed to keep the soil evenly moist, but not waterlogged.
In general, cast iron plants prefer evenly moist soil, but it can tolerate some drought. It is important to avoid overwatering, as this can lead to root rot. The frequency of watering will depend on several factors, including the size of the container, the type of soil, and the growing conditions.
To water, wait until the top inch (2.5 cm) of soil is dry before watering. Then, water the plant deeply, allowing the water to drain out of the bottom of the pot. Avoid letting the plant sit in standing water, as this can lead to root rot.
In general, plants grown in low-light conditions require less water than those grown in brighter light. Similarly, plants grown in cooler temperatures or with less humidity may also require less water.
Aspidistra grandiflora 'Big Spotty'
How Fast do Cast Iron Plants Grow?
Cast iron plants are slow-growing plants that can take several years to reach their mature size. The growth rate can vary depending on several factors, including the age of the plant, the growing conditions, and the care it receives.
In general, young plants will grow slowly, producing only a few leaves each year. As the plant matures, it may produce more leaves and grow slightly faster. However, even mature plants typically only grow 1-2 inches (2.5-5 cm) per year.
Factors such as light, temperature, and watering can also affect the growth rate. For example, plants grown in low-light conditions may grow more slowly than those grown in brighter light. Similarly, plants grown in cooler temperatures or with less water may also grow more slowly.
Overall, while Aspidistra is a hardy and low-maintenance plant, it is not a fast grower. Patience is key when as it may take several years for the plant to reach its mature size.
Aspidistra molendinacea 'Skin Tight Green Jeans'
How to Grow Cast Iron Plants Outdoors
Cast iron plants are ideal for shaded woodland gardens due to their ability to thrive in low-light conditions. Here are some tips for growing cast iron plants in a shaded woodland garden:
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Choose the right location: Cast iron plants prefer a shady or partially shaded location, making them ideal for woodland gardens. Make sure to choose a spot that gets indirect sunlight or dappled shade throughout the day.
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Prepare the soil: Cast iron plants prefer well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. If your soil is heavy or compacted, amend it with compost or other organic matter to improve drainage and provide nutrients.
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Plant at the right time: Cast iron plants can be planted year-round, but it is best to avoid planting during extreme weather conditions. Spring or fall is a good time to plant, as the weather is typically mild and the plants have time to establish before summer or winter.
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Water appropriately: Cast iron plants prefer evenly moist soil, but they can tolerate some drought. Water deeply and infrequently, allowing the soil to dry out slightly between watering.
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Fertilize sparingly: Cast iron plants do not require much fertilizer, but a light application of a slow release, organic fertilizer such as Plant-Tone™ , in the spring can help promote healthy growth.
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Mulch around the plants: Mulch helps to retain moisture in the soil and suppress weed growth, which can be beneficial for cast iron plants. Apply a layer of organic mulch, such as shredded leaves or bark, around the plants.
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Prune as needed: Cast iron plants do not require much pruning, but you can remove any dead or damaged leaves to improve the appearance of the plant.
By following these tips, you can successfully grow cast iron plants in a shaded woodland garden and enjoy their hardy, low-maintenance beauty for years to come.
Aspidistra oblanceifolia 'Nagoya Stars'
How to Grow Aspidistra in Containers
Aspidistra is an excellent plant for container gardening. Here are some tips on growing Aspidistra in containers:
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Choose the right container: Aspidistra plants prefer to be slightly root-bound, so choose a container that is only slightly larger than the plant's root ball. The container should have drainage holes to prevent water from accumulating in the soil.
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Use well-draining soil: Aspidistra plants prefer well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. Choose a high-quality potting soil that contains perlite, vermiculite, or sand to improve drainage.
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Provide appropriate lighting: Aspidistra plants are low-light plants and can tolerate shade. Place the container in a location that receives indirect sunlight or dappled shade throughout the day.
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Water appropriately: Aspidistra plants prefer evenly moist soil, but they can tolerate some drought. Water deeply and infrequently, allowing the soil to dry out slightly between watering. Do not allow the soil to become waterlogged, as this can lead to root rot.
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Fertilize sparingly: Aspidistra plants do not require much fertilizer, but a light application of a slow release, organic fertilizer in the spring can help promote healthy growth. Avoid over-fertilizing, as this can cause the leaves to become yellow.
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Prune as needed: Aspidistra plants do not require much pruning, but you can remove any dead or damaged leaves to improve the appearance of the plant.
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Repot when necessary: Aspidistra plants can be kept in the same container for several years, but when the plant becomes root-bound, it is time to repot. Repot in a slightly larger container with fresh soil.
By following these tips, you can successfully grow Aspidistra in containers and enjoy their hardy, low-maintenance beauty indoors or on your patio or balcony.