(aka: Cimicifuga racemosa v. cordifolia, C. foetida v. cordifolia) This wonderful rare native (globally rare ranking of G3) from Virginia west to Tennessee has languished in taxonomic purgatory under a parade of invalid names. Unlike other bugbanes, there are only nine glossy leaflets per leaf, which are held on a 45 degree angled stem ending about 2' from the ground. The 4' tall, upright, branched terminal spikes end in finger-like clusters of small white flowers that top the plant in September. Although Cimicifuga rubifolia prefers alkaline soils, it has grown well in our slightly acid amended woodland soil.